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Catalogue 1 Advantages , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 1 ) 1 The definition of meals waste , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , you 1 . two The sources/generators of meals waste, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.
a few 1 . 2 . 1 The sources of meals waste in Hong Kong , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 ) 2 . a couple of The types of food spend in oversea countries/regions, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 6 1 . 3 The situation in Hk and oversea countries, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. six 1 . several. 1 The specific situation in Hong Kong, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 7 1 ) 3. two Food spend situation in oversea countries and regions , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 0 2 Finding , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 13 2 . you Case study of HK , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 13 2 . 1 . 1 Minimization approaches intended for food waste materials in Hong Kong , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. 14 installment payments on your 1 . a couple of Reuse/recycling approached of foodstuff waste in Hong Kong , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. 7 installment payments on your 1 . several Case of minimization and recycling of food waste in schools, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 24 2 . 1 ) 4 Conclusion of approaches in HK , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 27 installment payments on your 2 Minimization and strategies in oversea countries , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 27 2 . 2 . 1 New Zealand, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 27 2 . 2 . Korea , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. 28 2 . 2 . 3 Taiwan , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. 32 installment payments on your 2 . some Case of The East Bay Municipal Energy District, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , thirty four 3 Crucial Comparison, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 7 3. 1 Reviews , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 37 3. 1 ) 1 Recycle/Reuse efficiency , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 37 3. 1 . 2 Different promotions and laws in methods to food toxins in different countries , , , , , , , 39 3. 1 . 3 Solutions applied in food waste, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , forty one 3. 1 ) Barriers in food waste materials recycle/reuse in Hong Kong, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.. forty five 3. 2 Recommendations , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. forty seven 4 Conclusion, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. 55 References , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 one particular Introduction 1 . 1 The definition of food waste According to the project of Food and Agriculture Business of the Un (FAO, 2012), global food production raises 70% simply by 2050 within the purpose of appointment the demands with the growing community population underneath current production and usage. However , you will discover more than one third of the meals produced today being squandered or dropped. Food squandered or foodstuff loss could cause a range of issues not only on the environment but as well on contemporary society and economic system.
Therefore , both equally developed countries and developing countries devote to avoid and reduce food waste. In general, food waste or perhaps food reduction refers to the meals that is removed or misplaced uneaten. This occurs in all measures in the food chain (Figure 1). In designed countries, most food squander occurs with the consumption level, while in developing or low-income countries, food is wasted during production. Distinct countries or regions have their own definitions of meals waste, in relation to food waste sources, the situation of countries, their population etc. 1 Fig. 1 . The steps where meals waste arises (Heta-Kaisa Koivupuro, 2011)? United Nations Food waste materials is foodstuff loss which in turn occurs with the retail and final ingestion stages because of the behavior of throwing away of food by the retailers and consumers ( Gustavsson, J., 2010). The loss includes biomass which is formerly meant for individual consumption nevertheless eventually employed for some other purpose, such as energy or dog feed. At the same time, food spend in Un only contains reduction in edible food mass during the production, postharvest and processing levels instead of the inedible parts. Hong Kong The definition of food spend in Hong Kong still can not be unified, nevertheless food waste can be broken into two kinds at least. They are uncooked food and excess cooked food. The first kind of food spend may be easily dealt with in comparison with the second kind, because it generally includes the extra raw meals such as fresh fruit peel, nucleus and eggshell, while the surplus cooked meals may combine up with petrol, tissue and toothpick which in turn affect the treatments for foodstuff waste.? Quotes 2
In Australia, food waste materials means an unwanted uncooked or cooked food removed during or after food preparation that may be no longer suit for usage or attractive (Nathalie Jean-Baptiste, 2009). It provides spoiled prepared food, excessive cooked meals, vegetables and fruits peelings, beverage, unwanted raw foodstuff and meat scraps.? European Union In Eu, food waste is defined as virtually any food material, raw or cooked, which can be discarded, or perhaps intended or perhaps required to be discarded.? United States In Usa, the food waste materials is identified by the Usa Environmental Prottection Agency.
The meaning is uneaten food and food preparation waste materials from homes and commercial establishments such as grocery stores, eating places, and develop stands, institutional cafeterias and kitchens, and industrial resources like employee lunchrooms ( United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). Although the definitions of food spend vary in various countries and regions, the adverse affects that food waste induced are so serious that more focus should be paid out and mo re actions should be taken up avoid and treat it.. two The sources/generators of foodstuff waste Developed and growing countries basically waste about the same amount of food (670 and 630 million soucis, respectively). The is at what level inside the food supply chain the waste occurs. In developed countries, the highest volume of waste is in the price tag and buyer level, in developing countries it takes place mostly at the post-harvest and processing level due to restrictions in transportation, storage and processing.
Consequently , HK, among the most produced areas on the globe, its food waste primarily comes from the retail and final consumption stages. 3 In order to lessen or prevent food spend effectively, the best way is to learn about the sources or generators of food waste. Because whenever we try far better avoid foodstuff waste or perhaps food reduction from its resources, the different processes intended for reducing spend or reduction during the subsequent stages may be avoided, so that we can spend less and solutions. The causes of food waste of different countries and regions are illustrated below.. 2 . 1 The sources of meals waste in Hong Kong The sources of meals wase in Hong Kong may be divided into two parts, significant source and other sources. Desk 1 shows the different resources and their parts and characteristics. The major source is home or residential. According to the statistic of Friends of The The planet, domestic meals waste accounts for 70% of all food waste produced in Hk, with an amount of 2, 300 tonnes daily (Friends in the Earth, 2009). The reasons to get domestic meals waste happen to be various.
For example , food is affordable or some people may support the idea that once inviting other folks to supper, they have to buy more than enough in order that they would not shed face. Stand 1 . one particular Sources of meals waste in HK Volume of spend Source Main Components Feature (tons/day) Ruined cooked food Supermarkets and Beverage shops Undes irable raw food Spoiled grilled food Excessive cooked foodstuff Including avoidable and Residential/Domestic Vegetables , fruits peelings unavoidable Drink Undes irable raw food 4 Most are Avoidable 85 2, 300
Meat scraps Excess cooked food Fresh vegetables , fruits peelings Eating places and Beverage hotels Undes irable natural food Various meats scraps Fruit and vegetables , fruits peelings Beverage Food market Undes irable raw food Meat waste Excess prepared food Refreshment Schools Fruit and vegetables , fruits peelings Various meats scraps Avoidable are ready-to-eat or consumable before spoilage/damage) Unavoidable are inedible foodstuff material like vegetable peels, bones, and so forth unavoidable Including avoidable and 41 inescapable Including avoidable and nine hundred unavoidable Including avoidable and 964 The source can be domestic or residential.
Based on the statistic of Friends in the Earth, domestic food spend accounts for 70 percent of all meals waste produced in Hong Kong, with an amount of 2, 300 loads per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). The reasons for home food spend are several. For example , food is cheap or some people may hold the idea that when welcoming others to dinner, they must order ample so that they would not lose encounter. The other sources are supermarkets and retailers, food market and colleges. The food sector consists of foodstuff chains, Chinese restaurants, hotels, bakeries, grocery stores, markets, meals producers and so forth.
The industry produces 900 tonnes of food waste per day (Friends of The The planet, 2009). And schools make 15, 000 tonnes of food spend per year. In the meantime, food waste in Hong Kong can be separated into two kinds in source, they are really 5 nonrecyclable kind including glasses, tinfoil, cling film, carton containers, plastic bottles, aluminum cans and tin cans, and recyclable kind, which includes meat, our bones, bread, grain and noodles, vegetable, fruit and egg shells (Figure 2). Fig. 1 . two Separation of food squander at resource (EPD, 2011) 1 . 2 . 2 The sources of food waste in oversea countries/regions
In Australia, the meals waste mainly comes from home or residential with some about a few million loads per year. Roughly 20% of food will certainly b e thrown away after its order in Australia In European Union, food waste happen to be from households, supermarkets, restaurants and the food supply chain. Above 50% of edible and healthy food in EU is wasted each year and the quantity is fifth there’s 89 million considérations per year. six Fig. 1 . 3 Sources of food waste fir cereals, by location (Agree, 2011) Unlike the developed countries, food waste materials in producing countries is usually generated at lower levels.
Figure 3 further identified the source amount of food spend. From this, we can see that in the developed countries like Europe and North America, regarding 60% from the food spend in food grain products occurs for consumption level. Conversely, inside the developing locations, like Southern region Asia and sub-Saharan The african continent, more than 60% of foodstuff waste 1 ) 3 The problem in Hk and oversea countries 1 . 3. you The situation in Hong Kong In line with the statistic of EPD, in Hong Kong, regarding 3, 584 tonnes meals waste are produced each day, accounting for any third of most solid waste materials in Hong Kong.
One third of them originates from 7 commercial and industry (C, I) sector, and the outstanding comes from people. So homeowners produce bigger amount of food waste materials in Hong Kong. The volume of food squander from C, I industries has increases more than dual in the last 10 years, from 400 tonnes in 2002 to 1, 056 soucis in 2011 (Figure 4). Also, we can see by Fig. a couple of that supermarket dispose 29 tonnes ready-to-eat food every day. Fig. 1 . 4 Fundamental food squander situation in HK (EPD, 2012) Determine 5 futher illustrates a critical issue in Hk.
About a few, 200 soucis of meals are provided for landfill every day, which equals to the capacity of 126 dual buses, plus the cost intended for deal with food waste much more than 2 million daily. What’s more, in the event the rate is constantly on the increase, the landfills in Hong Kong could reach capability in 2013. Therefore , the specific situation of food waste in Hong Kong is not satisfied as well as the loads of Hong Kong’s landfill are too large. Every person in Hong Kong ought to realize this kind of sever scenario and try best to decrease food waste in daily life. almost eight Fig. 1 ) The situation of food waste materials in Hk (Hong Kong Stories, 2011) General tendency of food waste in Hong Kong can be illustrated in Figure six. In Physique 6, Series 1 symbolized commercial and industrial meals waste, Series 2 represented domestic food waste and Line three or more represented municipal solid waste. From the physique below, we are able to conclude that in Hong Kong, the volume of domestic food waste has been reduced before 10 years, while the commercial and industrial food waste offers kept growing significantly and accounted for thirty percent of city solid spend in 2009, which is 20% in addition to that in 1999.
The rising charge is really a problem and more focus should be paid out in order to reduce food waste materials and the pressure of landfill. 1 two 3 Fig. 1 . six Volume of comunitario solid squander in Hong Kong (FoE, 2010) 9 Why the amount of meals waste is usually pretty huge and for what reason it becomes a severe concern are here:? Many diners have more food on the menu than they can eat. In respect to Greeners Action’s review: only 13 percent of responders can easily finish anything in their discs and about 87 percent of them always kept some food in back of, 44 percent of these participants say that they generally left over 30 percent or more.
Especially, at buffets and all- you-can-eat sushi or popular pot restaurants, patrons can be tempted to pile a lot of on their plates.? Disposing is cheaper than employing or re- using. For instance , the unsold vegetable and fruit will probably be dumped day-to-day even a few of them are still fresh in the next time, because the time cost of picking is above the benefit of advertising. 1 . 3. 2 Food waste situation in oversea countries and regions? Global Fig. 1 . 7 Global food spend (PWC, 2012) 10
In Global, similar to the percentage of food waste materials in Hong Kong, one third from the food is definitely wasted or perhaps discarded. Meals waste in industrialized countries is as large as in producing countries, but in developing countries more than 40% of the meals losses happen at post harvest and processing levels, while in industrialized countries, more than forty percent of the foodstuff losses arise at selling and client levels.. Physique 8 shows that the per capita foodstuff loss in Europe and North-America is usually 280-300 kg/year.
In sub-Saharan Africa and South/Southeast Asia it is 120-170 kg/year. The total per household production of edible areas of food to get human usage is, in Europe and North-America, about 900 kg/year and, in sub-Saharan The african continent and South/Southeast Asia, 460 kg/year (Jenny Gustavsson, 2011). Fig. 1 ) 8 Meals waste in different regions (Jenny Gustavsson, 2011)? Korea Korea has a very short record (less than 10 years) for food waste recycling where possible by a unique way. In Korea, the percentage of food waste which can be separately collected is over 80%.
Although the treatment techniques are advanced and also 80% of collected food waste is carrying to feedstuff and compost, the necessity of the items is reduced in the whole contemporary society and the product situation can be difficult. Today, Korea has reconsidered the recycling program to construct a brand new and lasting structure.? Taiwan 11 The food waste taking technology in Taiwan is usually relatively adult with an eight-year history. Now Taiwan recycles an amount of food spend equivalent to the volume of spend processed daily in two 900-tonne incineration plants.
The food waste which usually accounts for 75% of total food waste collected is definitely converted into this halloween feed and 24% food waste is definitely composted. The remainder 1% is usually treated pertaining to other uses.? U. T. In the U. S., more than 34 , 000, 000 tonnes of food waste was produced in 2010 (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Food makes up the greatest percentage of waste entering municipal landfills and combusted for strength recovery inside the U. S. (Fig. 9). Fig. 1 . 9 Food waste inside the U. S i9000. (U. T. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012)? Australia
Nationwide, the amount of food waste discarded per year is approximately 3 million tonnes and 95% of compostable items are food squander (Australia Start, 2005). The meals waste production increased simply by 0. 5kg/w in 2007 compared to that in 2005 (3. 7kg/w). Sydney, the city with the larest population in 12 Sydney, generates a higher content of food waste in their general bins with close to 50 percent. Another analyze is found to analyze the cost of meals waste nationwide. Australia toxins more than $5. 2 billion dollars in meals a year (Penny Pryor, 2011).
This is quite a lot of money and it shows that the situation of food waste in Australia is also serious. The analysis concludes that t he biggest and many successful driving force to lowering food waste in Australia is definitely saving money. Fig. 1 . 15 Cost of food waste in Australia (Penny Pryor, 2011)? Europe Excluding agricultural food waste materials and seafood discards, regarding 90 mil tonnes of food is definitely wasted every year or 180 kg every capita annually in The european countries. It has been expected that in the event that no actions is taken, the amount of foodstuff waste in Europe can reach 126 milling tonnes by 2020. 2 Obtaining 2 . 1 Case study of HK 13 2 . 1 . Minimization methods for meals waste in Hong Kong There are plenty of approaches will be proposed for the minimization of Meals waste in Hong Kong. Although most of them are proposed simply by voluntary business. And an over-all guideline intended for reduction and management of food spend for food service establishments are recommended by More environmentally friendly Action: Fig 2 . you The guideline intended for food squander reduction and management coming from Greener Actions And other methods or businesses for lowering of meals waste incorporate: Food Financial institution Feeding Hong Kong is the simply food financial institution in Hk dedicated to redistributing surplus meals to people in need.
By providing a link between the meals industry as well as the hungry of Hong Kong, they give a solution that simultaneously slashes food waste and rss feeds those many in require. Fig 2 . 2 The mission of Feeding Hk from the website of Nourish Hong Kong 16 Food Angel Besides, Foodstuff Angel can be described as food recovery and assistant program that really help to reduce the generation of food spend in Hong Kong. They hook up food makers and charities in local communities to assure efficient food provision to the underprivileged. Meals Recycling Sche me Food Recycling System is a preliminary food collection program operated by CTU Education Foundation Ltd.
The scheme is usually aim to gather and process unsold fresh foods from market and make delicious vegetarian lunch that provides to out of work trainees in training center at low cost. It can save over 40, 000 kilogram of lost food every year. Foodlink Base Limited is a registered charitable organization which can be aim to fight hunger and poverty by minimizing meals wastage. The business collects excess and given food via various accommodations and F, B stores and provides it to shelters and also to the needy, thereby producing a lasting food-recycling program. The Foodlink operation is really as follows: Fig 2 . three or more The Foodlink operation coming from Foodlink
The voluntary companies also launched several actions to enhance general public awareness of reduction of meals waste, like the? Save Food Day upon Wednesday? proposed by Greeners Action and? Order Much less Waste Significantly less? proposed by Friends from the Earth. 12-15 Fig 2 . 4 The poster of Save Foodstuff Day about Wednesday via Save Greeners Action Fig 2 . a few The picture from the site of Friends of the The planet Implementation: These types of actions are helpful to reduce the generation of food waste, but there is absolutely no certain physique of the reduction amount of food waste by these types of actions, minus the help of government, the success is limited. 18 2 .. two Reuse/recycling acknowledged of food waste in Hong Kong Kowloon Bay Initial Composting Flower To gather knowledge and information about collection of supply separated meals waste and the application of biological technology to recycle food waste in Hong Kong, environmentally friendly Protection Office developed the Pilot Composting Plant (KBPCP) at the Kowloon Bay Spend Recycling Centre (KBWRC) in mid-2008. Implementation: The total treatment capacity in the KBPCP is 500 tonnes of meals waste feedstock per year and about 100 tonnes of compost product will be produced. Fig 2 . 6th Treatment Process of KBPCP by website of EPD
Meals Waste Taking Partnership Scheme EPD released the? ‘Food Waste Taking Partnership Scheme” together with industrial , professional (C, I) sectors in 2009 to promote great food waste management practice and to gain experience in food squander source splitting up and recycling where possible. Implementation: Through the operation of the? Food Spend Recycling Collaboration Scheme’, seventeen participants practised food waste source parting and placed the separated food squander in the specified collection containers provided by EPD at the assigned collection details for collectio n by EPD for the KBPCP to get recycling.
EPD was responsible for cleaning the gathering bins. Presently, the members of the plan already increase to 75. Fig installment payments on your 7 Poster of Foodstuff Waste Recycling Partnership System from website of EPD Organic Spend Treatment Features The Environmental Security Department (EPD) has decided to develop the Organic Spend Treatment Features (OWTF) which is developed in two stage. The OWTF will take up biological solutions ” composting and anaerobic digestion to stabilize the organic waste materials and turn this into mélange and biogas for restoration.
The biogas produced in every phase of the OWTF could be used as renewable energy. A website search to find suitable sites for the OWTF was completed. The proposed sites for the first phase and second phase from the OWTF can be found at Siu Ho Wan of North Lantau and Shaling at North District respectively. 18 Fig installment payments on your 8 Artist’s Impression with the Organic Spend Treatment Features from website of EPD Implementation: The total daily treatment capacity of OWTF is usually 400-500 loads of organic waste daily, and about twenty eight million kWh of excessive electricity may be supplied to the power grid each year.
The initial phase of the OWTF can be accomplished in 2 or 3 years, it can treat 200 tonnes of organic and natural waste (mostly food waste) per day. nineteen Fig installment payments on your 9 The process of anaerobic digestion from web page of EPD Electrical Composter Some of the outstanding in commercial , industrial sectors are actually eliminated in situ simply by electrical imprimer proposed by EPD. Food waste can be putted to a mechanical digester , through fermentation and also other processes to show most of this into drinking water and carbon dioxide within 1 day. And the remains will be sent to landfill.
Rendering: The composter can reduce the volume of foodstuff waste delivered to landfill in a few extent, but there is not particular data to get the reduction volume because the composter can be purchased from private developer. 20 Fig 2 . 15 The power composter”Gomixer via Hong Kong chocking on meals waste Food Waste Recycling Projects in Housing Estates Environment and Conservation Account (ECF) provides allocated $50 million since subsidy and has launched a funding job,? Food Squander Recycling Projects in Casing Estates?, to encourage the separated collection and recycling of food waste coming from households in July 2011.
Implementation: 11 estates were given funding help in the 1st phase which has a total allowance of about $9 million. The participating properties have received financial aid to undertake on-site treatment of source separated foodstuff waste and also to encourage people to reduce meals waste. And it is estimated that about forty five additional locations could be covered in the second phase. Besides, EPD has also commissioned the Hong Kong Efficiency Council (HKPC) to operate a help-desk service for the potential housing estate applicants and others participating meals waste separation, collection and recycling Gov departments.
The services incorporate:? assisting in identification of a suitable web page for installing the food spend treatment facility within the housing estate prior to formal application,? featuring professional and technical tips to potential applicants or perhaps participating gov departments during planning and, implementation stages, and? conducting evaluation of functionality, effectiveness and outcomes. 21 years old Fig installment payments on your 11 The poster of Food Squander Recycling Tasks in Real estate Estates from website of help-desk services for meals waste taking project in housing property
Food squander recycling technology-Bokashi Greeners Action introduced the food waste taking technology-Bokashi by New Zealand in 2010, this technology will help people dispose their food waste at home. Implementation: A lot more than 170 homeowners has bought this meals waste recycling system, and some pilot tasks have been released in universities and residential area in these 2 yrs. 22 Fig 2 . 12 The poster of Bokashi from website of Greeners Action Person recycling organization Green Thought is a recycling where possible company in Yeun Lengthy which gathers used university lunch bins and separates and recycles both the foodstuff waste and plastic container.
Generally, they can recycling about 800 thousands of school lunch packing containers every day, that may reduce the meals waste in a few extent. Fig 2 . 13 The planning from we all bsite of Green Thought Kowloon Biotechnology Ltd can be described as recycling business using the meals waste to make feedstuff. It may recycle about 50 tons every day to generate different sort of feedstuff. Hong Kong Organic Spend Recycling Middle is a company which can offer a series of recycling service for organic and natural waste. Each uses the advanced technology combing any potential problems from local expert and oversea countries to provide a help out with recycling of food waste materials in Hk. 23 Fig 2 . 5 The planning from internet site of HKOWRC 2 . 1 . 3 Case of minimization and taking of foodstuff waste in schools 2 . 1 . three or more. 1 The problem of food waste in schools Solid waste is definitely divided into several 60 classes at present, of which the? cusine wares made of plastic/poly- froth? covers basically all types of throw-away food and drink pots and utensils. In 3 years ago, the volume of such spend we disposed of amounted to about 199 tonnes daily. Disposable foodstuff containers are generally made of non-degradable materials which will stay in globe forever and pollute the environment, which increases the difficulty of recycling of food waste.. 1 . 3. 2 The objective of Green Lunch scheme To reduce the generation of foodstuff waste and protect our environment, schools will help by creating and using a suitable green lunch plan based on the principle of? Reduc e Pollution and Minimizing Wastage?. 2 . 1 ) 3. several Analysis of meal layout in colleges Meal agreements in universities can be largely divided into two styles by the containers they utilized: reusable or disposable pots. Reusable storage units mean those are robust and durable enough for repeated washing and reuse.
Foods served in reusable storage units may be portioned either on-site or off site, namely, Central/On-Site Portioning and Off-site Portioning. Central/On-Site Portioning Cooked foodstuff is sent by lunch break suppliers to schools equally, and then re- heated and portioned in-situ for division to pupils. 24 Fig 2 . 12-15 Central/On-Site Portioning from Green Lunch Criteria Off-Site Portioning Cooked meals is well prepared and portioned at the kitchens of lunch break suppliers and delivered to educational institutions in lunch break boxes in line with the amount bought. Fig 2 . 16 Off site Portioning from Green Lunchtime Guideline. 1 . 3. some Proposal to get central/on-site portioning in educational institutions The central/on-site portioning surpasses off-site portioning in many elements. Therefore , colleges are suggested to applied central/on-site portioning in order to reduce pollution and minimize wastage. The benefits of central/on-site portioning in schools include: 25? Almost all dining products used which include trays, food, bowls, chopsticks, knives and forks, and so forth are washable and reusable. Basically, zero disposable pots and cutlery are used, which usually increases the potential of taking of food waste.
How much food portioned can be flexibly adjusted on request by pupils, which can decrease the potential of generation of left over by student. And the volume of lunch break supplied are adjustable according to the leftover generated, which will reduce the food waste and wastage significantly. According to teachers and students, ingesting at canteens is much more joyful and exciting than in classes, providing a unique social activity for students.? Fig 2 . seventeen Photo via Green Lunch Guideline installment payments on your 1 . 3. 5 Implementation”an example of university of central/on-site portioning St .
Edward’s Catholic Primary University is a powerful example applying central/on-site portioning. The school put in almost a year for the arrangement of central/on-site portioning, the prep works include the selection of proper place intended for central/on-site portioning and the lunch time supplier, and communication while using student’s father and mother. After the putting on central/on-site portioning, the volume of food waste has been reduced and most of them can be reused. Besides, the food waste separating and collection processes enhance the environmental knowing of students, plus the 26 isposable lunchbox is definitely not employed for lunch ever again. Fig installment payments on your 18 The specific situation of central/on-site portioning in St . Edward’s Catholic Main School via Green Lunch time Guideline installment payments on your 1 . 4 Conclusion of strategies in HK The EPD provides proposed many schemes pertaining to the reuse or recycling of meals waste in recent years, including strategies of collection and recycling facilities. Therefore , we might forecast which the increasing volume of food spend will be change into useful merchandise or power by successful separation.
However for the approach of minimization of meals waste, a lot of them are recommended by voluntary organization with no governmental support. 2 . a couple of Minimization and strategies in oversea countries 2 . installment payments on your 1 New Zealand The us government supports and subsidizes people to reuse/recycle the food waste on-site. nonedible food waste is on a regular basis composted through a collection assistance, with home composting or perhaps with a worm farm. A survey of households in 2007showed that 79% shop in a way in order to avoid food wastage, 63% execute home composting and 10% have a worm farmville farm. And 1 27 f the ways in order to avoid food wastage for supermarkets and grocery stores is donating the food towards the voluntary agencies, like Foodstuff not Bombs which uses their thrown away food to feed people at film nights and markets. Kai to Compost is a food waste collection scheme intended for restaurants and businesses. The scheme gathers food spend from eating places and will take it to the Living Globe plant at the Southern Landfill, where the materials is mixed with green waste materials and used to produce compost. It was in the beginning a trial scheme with government funding but is now a user pays scheme including 50 businesses.
Up until the conclusion of 2006, the Council had gathered 456 considérations of food waste. Fig 2 . nineteen Kai to Compost collection truck installment payments on your 2 . 2 Korea Korea government features forbidden direct landfill from the food waste products in june 2006 and offers paid very much effort to build up the collection system and reuse/recycling facilities to get food waste: a. The reuse/recycling methods of food waste: Separated collection method of foodstuff wastes at source: 28 b. Dry out Feedstuff Production: c. Damp Feedstuff Production: 29 g. Compost: electronic. Anaerobic Digestive function Facility: 40 Besides, Separated disposal of food waste materials is now legally mandatory.
The waste enthusiasts can refuse to collect the food trash or perhaps fine the dumper if the trash was not separated well. Through this comprehensive meals wastes lowering plan and financial support for installing food waste materials recycling center, the recycling where possible rate of food spend is already approximately 94% in 2005, from 45. 1% in 2002. And in Seoul, the collecting rate of food spend is up to totally in 2008. For the reduction of food waste materials, Seoul is about to start a trial run of large automatic containers that ponder the amount of foodstuff refuse deposited into these people by every household and charges appropriately.
Fig 2 . 20 “Pay-by-volume clean Q system pertaining to food spend 31 As well as the dumping of waste normal water generated by the processing of leftover meals into the marine will be prohibited from 2013, according to the Ministry of Property, Transport, and Maritime affairs. The Ministry of Environment started to concentrate on the biogas plant which could turn the waste water into clean fuel recently. 2 . 2 . 3 Taiwan Since the money year 2001, the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY has been subsidizing the local area, county and city government authorities to establish their kitchen spend collection and recycling applications.
In 2007, the kitchen squander recycling system has been included into EPA’s “2007-2012 General public Development Program-General Waste Source Recycling Promo Program”, to be able to achieve delay premature ejaculation pills of all gathered kitchen waste materials and to go with the? Actually zero Waste? insurance plan. The techniques for recycle or taking of meals waste include: [1] Education and Campaign of Home Waste Taking Program Showcase “Green Ways of eating ” Kitchen Waste Lowering Campaign”, Train kitchen spend recycling education seed teachers, and perform on-the-job working out for implementation organization’s responsible staff,??
Work with universities, communities and environmental groupings to conduct education, promotion, demonstration and training activities,? Prepare advertising brochures and handbooks to train residents the right way to conduct home waste selecting, collection and reuse,? Encourage kitchen waste recycling for the radio, cable television and press, Establish kitchen waste taking webpages on central, county and metropolis governments’ websites. [2] Create Kitchen Spend Collection and Transportation System? Implement kitchen waste collection and transportation from homes, schools, armed forces bases and correctional features, 32?
Modifications or acquisitions of garbage trucks for use in kitchen waste recycling, and purchases of kitchen waste recycling buckets,? Design collection zones, routes, transportation settings, and develop collection goals, Establish short-term storage sites for collected kitchen waste materials, purchase transfer mac hinery and cleaning implement,? Organize exhibition of a better-performing local government system, improve collection system and man-power type. [3] Set up modes of kitchen spend reuse? Reuse of home waste since pig supply after hot temperature sterilization, or use as organic fertilizer after composting, Inspect this halloween farms acceptable to use recycled kitchen waste as give food to to ensure correct feed sterilization and pig immunization,? Build regional home waste reuse factories/sites, just like high temperature sterilization facilities, composting sites, anaerobic digesters etc .,? Transport home waste to manure and compost producers to produce organic and natural fertilizers, Enhance the quality and technologies in the compost created by local governments’ composting plant life,? Provide bonus assistance and subsidies to private sector to encourage establishment of kitchen spend recycling and reuse establishments. 4] Develop market segments for recycled kitchen waste materials?? Establish long term quality and quantity info for recycled kitchen squander, Develop and evaluate security inspection and tests intended for kitchen waste recycling and reuse products, Develop and evaluate additional feasible home waste recycle options, such as turning into feedstuff or adopt anaerobic fermentation,? Work with Council of Agriculture and other local governments’ agriculture competent authorities or associations to collectively promote kitchen waste recycle means. 33 Fig 2 . 21 Fragment Plant in Taiwan
Besides, in order to continue the kitchen waste recycling initiatives and help the local governments in creating diversified kitchen waste recycle system, the following kitchen waste materials daily collection and recycle goals have been set among 2007 and 2012: Desk 2 . you kitchen waste materials daily collection and recycle goals Implementation: At present, almost all 319 neighborhood town and township government authorities nationwide are implementing your kitchen waste recycling where possible program. Through the combined attempts of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY and local government authorities, the recycling where possible rate of food waste is up to 36% in 08 and 1977 tonnes of kitchen spend in Taiwan is reused every day last season.
Of the methods used to deal with food spend, about 73% undergoes heavy steam treatment to create pig give food to, while 24% enters composting systems and 1% undergoes other techniques, like incineration. 2 . 2 . 4 Circumstance of The East Bay Municipal Utility Section 34 The East These types of Municipal Electricity District (EBMUD) of the San Francisco Bay Area has done an admirable job in changing food spend to methane gas and later to energy. The East Bay Comunitario Utility District’s food squander energy task turns degree of meals waste to energy through completely natural process. The eco friendly method helps people convert their food squander to methane gas.
EMBUD utilize the all-natural process such as the Muckbuster to turn the organic food waste to clean energy. Muckbuster is definitely an anaerobic digester from a green organization called the SeaB and turns empty food items in to clean strength. The box like program has the capability to recycle half a ton of food waste materials to generate how much energy necessary to run one hundred and fifty computers. Muckbuster is fitted with advanced technologies to derive methane from food waste through a biological procedure. The methane is afterwards flowed through a heat and power program to produce electrical power. Fig installment payments on your 22 Muckbuster Anaerobic Digester from Ecofriend
Besides, the East Gulf Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) collects and carries the pumpkin waste materials into its plant life to produce strength. Every year inside the U. H., after the Halloween, heaps of pumpkins will go on to the landfalls. This foodstuff waste is usually recycled in EBMUD. The bacteria break down of the pumpkin waste together with other food waste will generate methane fumes, which can be accustomed to produce strength. 35 Fig 2 . 23 Pumpkin Electrical power from Ecofriend The EBMUD was honored in 2007 with a grant of $50, 000 by the EPA to encourage it develop new methods for digesting food waste to produce methane gas.
The power produced by the EBMUD is employed to run the regional waste water treatment plant. Fig 2 . 24 EBMUD’s sort of turning waste into energy from Ecofriend 36 a few Critical Comparability 3. one particular Comparisons Mountain range of foodstuff waste can be a growing injury in many wealthy countries. In Hong Kong, wherever people wish to eat out, leftover meals takes up most of the limited space in town landfills. And so the judgement pertaining to Hong Kong recycle/reuse efficiency, systems applied and strategies or perhaps policies carried out with international countries is very significant. several. 1 . Recycle/Reuse efficiency In fact , the data of food waste products generation per head per year in various countries are different. In Fresh Zealand, about 258, 886 tonnes of food squander goes to landfill each year. That works out to always be 64kg per head per year. Which is just in New Zealand. At the in the mean time, it’s about 70kg per head per year of food squander in UK. And the ALL OF US gets numerous approximately 82kg per person each year dumped in to the landfill. In addition , there are several data about food waste by different nation shown in Figure several. 1 . Figure 3. Foodstuff waste in several countries (kg/cap/year) In account of the human population in HK, we can calculate the food toxins per person annually. According to the Census and Statistics Department in HK, the citizenry of HK is several, 136, three hundred by 37 Mid-2012. By the investigation of EPD site, there is about 3, 584 tonnes meals waste produced in Hong Kong each day. And 3200 tonnes of food amongst it is sent to landfill each day. So 3584tonnes? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3584tonnes? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300? 365 = 197kg person /year, = 0. 0kg person /day of food spend generation and? 365 sama dengan 164kg person /year, = 0. 45kg person /day of foodstuff waste broke up with into landfill would be the results. From the comparison of the data over, we can determine that HK is one of the greatest generation parts of food squander in the world and that the most important and efficient approach is minimizing the food waste generation rather than recycling and reusing approaches which are as well indispensable. We all assume that the residuals will be totally reused or used again in a eco friendly way. The recycle/reuse efficiency would be like that: 3584? two hundred? 100% = 11% 3584 That is to say the recycle/reuse efficiency of food waste in HK is usually 11% at most of the. Table 3. 1 Food waste taking rates in developed Cookware nations. Nation Korea (2005) Japan (2007) Taiwan (2008) Singapore (2008) Annual Food Waste Produced (ton) Daily Food Waste materials Generated 5, 755, 220 20, 500, 000 you, 899, 379 568, 1000 13, 028 54, 795 5, 190 1, 556 38 (ton/d) Annual Foodstuff waste reused (ton) Daily Food waste materials recycled (ton/d) Food waste materials recycling rate, % Population (million) Daily Food Squander Generated per capita(kg/d/ca) Daily Food Squander Recycled per capita(kg/d/ca) zero. 6 0. 09 zero. 08 0. 04 0. 27 0. 43 zero. 23 zero. 31 48 127 23 5 94 20 thirty eight 12 doze, 246 12, 956 you, 889 186 4, 469, 907 4, 000, 000 691374 68000 Whereas, Desk 3. you generally demonstrates the food squander recycling costs in produced Asian international locations. With the declaration of this number and the presumed recycle/reuse performance in Hk, we can get the concept the mixture of strategies applied and the technologies applied procedures better within a country order: HK, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. 3. 1 . Different promotions and laws in methods to food waste products in different countries 39 a few. 1 . 2 . 1 Korea 1994: Begin composting exhibition projects in 12 metropolitan areas. 1995: Korean language government founded the? Panel for the Management of Food Waste’ 1996: Kyonggi Province reports? War against food waste? 1999: Meals waste collection in Suwon City (Kyonggi Province) 2002: Establish a voluntary agreement to get food waste reduction ( in conjunction with TIMORE world cup) 2005: Direct land- filling up of food waste continues to be banned 06\: 2, 520 tons of livestock and foodstuff waste each day was dumped into the ocean 3. 1 ) 2 . 2 Japan 2001: Food waste materials recycling law 2004: Local food spend composting in Sendai 2006: Recycling of Organic Waste in Aya Town ” reached twenty percent, food-related business has to fill in an annual are accountable to report how the food squander is treated 2007: Modified of Food waste recycling law Company. 2007: 7-11 parent company + Agri Gaia System turn meals waste into animal feedstock 3. 1 . 2 . Taiwan 2001: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY starts food waste recycling where possible in gov departments 2003: Taipei starts foodstuff waste recycling where possible policy 2006: Whole Taiwan (309 cities and townships) carried out foodstuff waste collection and recycling 2007: 2007-2012 Public Advancement Program-General Waste Resource Taking Promotion System 3. 1 . 2 . some Singapore 2003: Food in the Heart started the Loaf of bread distribution Plan 2007: IUT + NEA + Veolia collect foodstuff waste from markets 3. 1 . installment payments on your 5 Hk 40 2009: Food Waste Recycling Alliance Scheme 2011: Food Squander Recycling Tasks in Enclosure Estates
From the campaigns and laws mentioned above, we can deduce that Korea, Japan and Taiwan start to recycle or perhaps reuse the foodstuff waste in 1995, 2001, 2001 respectively. They learn to recycle and reuse the foodstuff wastes much earlier than that in Hk although there is a good deal of food waste producing every day. Merely in 2005, Direct land-filling of foodstuff waste had been banned, yet , up to now, there exists still a lot of food squander sent to the landfill intended for dumping. Basically, a few years back, the strategy in compost was already conducted in Korea, Japan and Taiwan. Although, Hong Kong uses this technology just in recent times.. 1 . 3 Technologies applied in meals waste Today most of collected food waste has been recycled to mélange and pet feedstuff. A very small portion is used in anaerobic digestive function. Table three or more. 2 . Different technologies found in different countries Country Feedstock Composting Anaerobic digestion Others Korea(2005) Japan(2007) Taiwan(2007) Singapore(2008) 54. 4% 50. 0% 77. 6% 75. 5% 29. 7% 45. 0% 21. 8% 2 . 4% 1 . 4% 5. 0% N. A. 22. 0% 14. 4% N. A. 0. 6% 0. 1% Same situation appears in Korea, Japan and Taiwan that they reuse food squander to nourish the livestock at first step and to mélange secondly.
However the technologies applied in Singapore may be just a little different the fact that food squander is delivered to feed livestock and then brought to the anaerobic lagoon. Three different technology in taking or reusing the food squander are evaluated by the pursuing illustrations. forty one 3. 1 ) 3. one particular Food waste materials composting Composting is one particular means of reducing the problems associated with landfills, incinerators, and other foodstuff waste disposal strategies. There are numerous different ways to compost as there are people who compost! There are four basic substances needed to mélange:
Oxygen, Water, Carbon (“Brown material including wood potato chips, brown leaves, or shredded newspaper), and Nitrogen (“Green” wet spend such as turf clippings, or perhaps fruit and vegetable leftovers from your kitchen). If you have these types of ingredients, you are able to compost at your house ., office, or school. Figure 3. a couple of shows just how food waste flows within a composting way. Figure several. 2 Meals waste flowchart in composting way by http://www. wastereduction. unc. edu/CampusRecycling/FoodWasteComposting. aspx Pertaining to food waste products compost, there are a few benefits and deficiencies in it. Benefits of Mélange 42? Enriches soil, supporting retain dampness and curb plant conditions and infestations. Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Encourages the availability of effective bacteria and fungi that break down organic and natural matter to create humus, a rich nutrient-filled material.? Decreases methane emissions from landfills and lessens your co2 footprint. Compost is a valuable product Besides the illustration above, households, businesses and corporations may save money by composting items just like food scraps while sending less waste to landfills and incinerators.
In addition , you can get the repayment from offering compost. Deficiency of Compost: In the event that food squander is certainly not incorporated in the soil that loses nitrogen to the ambiance and may maintain less nitrogen than the fragment. Composting requires a time commitment to properly manage the windrows to produce top quality compost. Specialised windrow turners may be required, but they may come at which has a high price marking. The composting site and storage to get finished product can use a substantial area of terrain. Money and time may be spent promoting, packaging, and managing the organization. 3. 1 ) 3. two Feed pets
The nourishing of meals waste or perhaps garbage to swine and other livestock pets or animals is a common practice throughout the world and is also often focused around city centers. Food plate waste materials (formerly termed as garbage) may be fed to other animals species, although has frequently been applied as a way to obtain feed pertaining to swine. Substantial disposal costs and fees motivate the nourishing of food/plate waste. The advantages in making use of this evaluate are listed below: a) It might eliminate a great deal of food waste materials. 43 b) It can preserve the nourishing cost simply by replacing the fodder. c) Elevate the rates of using assets. 1 . several. 3 Anaerobic digestion If 50 percent from the food spend generated each year in the U. S. was anaerobically digested, enough electrical power would be generated to electrical power 2 . your five million homes for a yr. With the completing of Halloween, millions of pounds of pumpkins have flipped from seasona l decorations to garbage destined pertaining to compost heaps or landfills. The story is a little different in Oakland, California. Thanks to the landmark work with the East Gulf Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), discarded pumpkins and other foodstuff waste are used as a source of renewable electrical power. How is the fact possible?
Initial, waste haulers gather post-consumer food waste materials and deliver it to EBMUD’s anaerobic digesters. Inside these huge tanks, bacteria break down the foodstuff waste and release methane gas like a byproduct. EBMUD captures this kind of gas and uses that to generate electric power in onsite generators. A bunch of food waste materials provides regarding 367 m3 of gas, and processing 100 tons of food waste materials five days a week can generate enough electric power to electricity 1, 000 homes. After the food squander has been broken down, the remaining hues make an excellent natural fertilizer, so they can provide to get next year’s pumpkin harvest started.
Figure 2 . on the lookout for shows just how it works. Physique 3. some. shows the way the food waste is recycled or reused in a anaerobic digested way. Firstly, the meals waste by industrial, commercial and colleges will be gathered. And then will probably be sent in Centralized Anaerobic Digestion. Following your anaerobic digestive function for food waste, will probably be converted into two valuable products, renewable ener gy and fertilizer, which is often used to supply energy and not directly reduce the GHGs from coal burning inside the thermal power plant and change soil respectively. 44 Number 3. some Food waste materials flowchart in anaerobic digestive function way.
The merits to get anaerobic digestion are the following: a) Made biogas may be recycled and utilized. You can use it directly like a fuel or for biogas power generation. b) c) Digestion elements (ie, residual sludge) works extremely well as main organic fertilizer raw materials. The concentrated sludge dewatering filtrate can be used since plant fertilizer or aquaculture utilization. d) e) f) The odor is easy to control and hard to escape. In comparison with the compost product, organics can be even more completely and equally composted. The treatment impact is secure and suitable for engineering applications. 3.. four Barrie rs in meals waste recycle/reuse in Hk There is a significant capacity of food spend generation in Hong Kong while above mentioned. Just a certain small part is disposed within a Green way and the other part is mostly dumped in to the landfill. This will likely not only have an adverse impact on our environment nevertheless also trigger the resources spend. Why forty five does the situation in HÄSTKRAFTER act like this kind of? First of all, how much food waste generation in HK is definitely larger and bigger while EPD is only concentrating in the technologies of meals waste recycle/reuse rather than lowering food toxins from the options.
The lack of education in meals wastes might be the second cause. Hong Kong can be described as multi-cultural town with many restaurants. Yet , the public falls short of the concept of conserving food. In neighbouring countries like Korea and Taiwan, the average foodstuff waste volume per person is definitely 20-30% less. Thirdly, the amount of effective plans in Hong Kong introduced to the foodstuff waste control ment is lower than some other countries. A project in Taiwan called? 2007-2012 Public Development Program-General Spend Resource Taking Promotion System? was conducted to achieve treatment of all gathered food squander and to complement the?
Actually zero Waste? plan. In Guangzhou,? Interests combine system? (??? ) was introduced that residents who were taking the part in the garbage category, organizers and sanitation workers would make a certain amount of funds according to the benefits of recycled assets. So it actually makes a interconnection between households and rubbish classification and encourages individuals to be more determined in safeguarding our environment. Fourthly, the new sharp increase of high grade and rent are dragging the development o f reused food toxins. In 2001, EPD promotes a programme called Environment and Preservation Fund?
Community Waste Restoration Projects? which is attracted simply by lots of neighborhoods to take part. However , the sharp price in maintaining the projects practically results in the conclusion of the programs lifetime. Fifthly, the technologies in taking and using again the food waste materials are not designed very well and several programmes are just on the way. In Japan, TM Corporation created ERS (Environmental Recycling System) that is a High-Speed Composting (Fermentation , Drying) System which can convert a batch of organic matter or waste into value added products just like fertilizer or perhaps animal supply within 2-24 hours.
While in Hong Kong, it normally takes half a month in switching the food waste products 46 to composts. In Sweden, 35% of the recycled food is definitely devoted to always be fermented with methane to generate electric power. Finally, the majority techniques in recycling the food waste in Hong Kong is composting. The government as well encourages the privates to convert the food wastes to composts. However , the composts offered by the privates were hard found the markets. Various people who misplaced their capital in fragment investment ever are not confident with this technology.
In addition , Food waste is actually mixed with basic waste with the food prep e. g. plastics, cutlery, cans and so forth and meals waste barrels is usually too heavy to move. And then for most of the hotels and eating places, additional storage space is needed to get food squander. 3. 2 Recommendations The condition of meals waste isn’t just about technological issues just like waste treatment, beyond that, cultural themes like the concept of consumption and human marriage with nature are involved also.
Moreover, the solution to it may not be restricted to specific action, govt policy as well as cultural change should also perform a significant position. From two frameworks in reducing foodstuff waste in UK and US because references, the suggestions for the solutions elaborated below are within a same buy which are demonstrated in Number 3. a few and three or more. 6. forty seven Figure several. 5 The food waste pyramid from http://www. companyshop. limited. uk/corporate-social-responsibility/disposal-route. aspx Figure several. The food spend pyramid coming from US. http://www. epa. gov/foodrecovery/
The government or maybe the organizations confronted with food squander should make some open public service advertisements about the impacts for the environment, create a website to educate public in food waste reduction and even can set up some activities to enhance the people’s comprehension of the meals waste expertise and depriving in other countries. In addition , the society should set up a correct strategy for the foodstuff consumption. twenty four An organization known as Food Angel in Hong Kong is working excellent in reducing the food waste via source. That collects foodstuff from every segments of food market which is usually abandoned due to some factors.
Then they prepare healthy health meal boxes in their individual professional home and finally offer the meal bins to individuals and families in need. The federal government should encourage and reward the organizations like Food Angel who are able to reduce the meals waste by sources. The us government should make several effective policies for the food waste materials. System of rewards and penalties to the charitable organisation organizations and commercial corporations associated with the foodstuff waste needs to be set up. And more programme upon reducing the food waste from sources needs to be carried out and encouraged to become conducted.
Additionally , new and high efficiency systems should be manufactured an effort to develop. Furthermore, due to the high cost which includes premium plus the rent pertaining to food waste materials recycling, EPD should give a hand just like increase the quantity of security to the panel to help them to turn the corner. Generally, in consideration with the nowadays situation in HK, any potential problems from Korea and The japanese can be a great example to understand with. We deduce which the food waste recycled in Hong Kong will need to follow through this order: 1) Feed pets or animals, 2)Used to compost, 3)Deliver to the anaerobic lagoon.
The reason for the first one is usually that the animals can have a good digestion with that and only create manure rather than leachate or waste commissions. The reason for the other one is that proper compost may articles the market and in addition reduce a few food spend to be dumped into landfill. The last purpose is that after the anaerobic digestive function it’ll make electric power which can be used by citizens and can also reduce the carbon from coal burning in Tsing Yi Power Station. In addition , new and high efficiency technologies should be made an effort to develop.
To obtain best cost-efficiency and the least expensive impact on the planet, the combination of 3 primary technologies in nowadays must be conducted as well. To make the technologies run as well as 49 easily, food spend classification must also be in deep consideration. On the meanwhile, people who are authorized by simply EPD might have the directly to ticket whenever they check the classification of the meals waste. Down the road, we may change food waste into laundry detergent, plastic material ingredients, and a host of each day products, in a discovery which may ease pressure on the city’s bulging landfills.
According to the exploration made by a great environmental science tecnistions at City University of Hong Kong, meals waste may be transformed into bioenergy that can be used to build heat and electricity, as well as reduce the volume of food squander destined for landfills by at least 50%. some Conclusion Whilst our neighbor”Koran and Taiwan made an great achievements in the food waste difficulty, Hong Kong just started to focus on these kinds of problem due to full- insert of landfills by 2018. The collection and recycling approaches applied in recent years may decrease the volume of meals waste sent to landfill.
But since Hong Kong is one of the largest technology areas of meals waste in the world, it is nonetheless doubtful if the recycling rate of food waste can catch up with this current increasing level of foodstuff waste. Therefore , the government will need to pay more focus on the minimization of meals waste as well as the cooperation with unofficial business to reduce the generation of food waste in the future. With the strategies of minimization and reuse/recycling, the meals waste prob lems could be solved effectively in Hk.
