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The Purpose of accomplishing this experiment is usually “how elements affect within the rate of enzyme activity. ” “We examine the affects of enzyme activity when exposing enzymes to different substrates, PH LEVEL and heat. In this test a type of enzyme called Peroxides has been utilized. Peroxidase is the enzymes are found in living organism so , it can be founded in both equally liver and potato. Pertaining to measuring the pace of chemical activity in each experiment the height in the frothy polyurethane foam column shaped by the reaction’s product had been measured simply by mm, within a 60 seconds.
Then the units changed to mm/h. Rate is distance over time and it means how fast something occurs in a given time period. The enzyme peroxidase in two forms of potato peroxidase and liver peroxidase has been settled in two different situations, (different PHs: 3,7,11), (different temperature: cold, warm and hot) and in other experiment mixes with three different substrates: (water, H2O2, glucose solution). The data collected during the experiment make discussion about hypothesizes.
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The confirmation of the substrate for peroxides hypothesis: Hydrogen peroxide would be the best substrate for peroxidase and the reaction between liver peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide will be stronger than potato peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Peroxidase facilitates the “breakdown of their substrate metabolically produce toxic hydrogen peroxide.” The reaction is: 2H2O2 & enzyme 2H20+O2 & enzyme. H2O2 works as substrate. H2O2 is strong oxidizer. That it is considered a highly reactive oxygen spices. Also, the available peroxidase in potato and liver has the same function as with oxidase. Regarding to the function of liver, which is filtering, there should be lots of oxygen radicals in liver. A Potato is a storage tissue comparing to the liver has less free oxygen radicals so the reaction of potato peroxidase with H2O2 is slower than the liver peroxidase.
In other point of view, among proposal substrates in this experiment such as water, glucose solution and H2O2, hydrogen peroxide increases the concentration of O2 and H2O (result of transforming of hydrogen peroxide) when it places next to peroxidase liver rather than when it places next to peroxidase potato. Therefore, when concentration increases, the intensity of reaction increase. The data also showed the same results. Adding 3ml of H2O2 to the potato peroxide gave 41 mm of foam height and the enzyme rate was 2460 mm/h. Adding 3ml of H2O2 to liver peroxidase gave 151 mm foam height and 9060 mm/h as enzyme rate. When water and glucose solution added to peroxidase in liver and potato, any reaction happened so, no bubbles created. The hypothesis has been approved in first experiment. *
The effect of temperature on peroxidase activity hypothesis: As the temperature increases, the enzyme activities will increase until it reaches the optimum temperature range, and after that the enzyme activities will decrease. Meanwhile, liver peroxidase activity due to increasing temperature should be more than potato peroxidase activity. Increasing temperature at the beginning, cause the enzyme activity increases because there is more energy to speed up the reaction. Then, the enzyme activities start to decrease because the changes to active site due to the temperature will no longer fit substrate. The data collected during the experiment showed more activity in potato peroxidase at 5 C as cold temperature rather than 35 C as warm temperature and it did not have any reaction when the enzyme placed in hot temperature 68 C. with increasing temperature the potato peroxidase lost its activity.
The first part of the hypothesis failed because based on the hypothesis it supposed to be seen more activity in potato enzyme at 35 C rather than 5 C, but it did not happen. It can be guessed that Potato lives under the ground where there is not enough sunlight and as a result it is colder than surface of the ground and potato enzymes are active in low temperature and it will lose its activity when the temperature be higher. But, the experiment about the liver peroxidase approved the hypothesis. Liver had wow reaction at 6 C as cold temp and at 33 C as warm temp too. And it had no activity at 64 C at all. As it is an enzyme found in the body, the optimum temperature would usually be body temperature around 37 C then, high activity of liver peroxidase at 33 C is expectable. But, high activity at 6 C is unusual.
Maybe an error occurred during the experiment such as not reading the temperature correctly or the room temperature (which is optimal) effects on the reaction during the experiment or maybe the time reader made mistake in setting time. However, the 64 C is absolutely not optimal because the structure of enzyme and its active site has been destroyed in high temperature. Regarding to the second part of the hypothesis, 9060 mm/H rate of enzyme activity in liver peroxidase at 6 and 33 degree of Celsius showed more activity in compare to 2100 mm/H and 1980 mm/H of potato peroxidase at 5 and 35 degree of Celsius. So second part of hypothesis has been approved.
The effect of PH on peroxidase activity hypothesis:
Increasing pH causes increasing the activity of the enzyme until it reaches optimum pH range and after this it will decrease. About potato peroxidase as the pH increases, the activity of the enzyme will increase until it reaches optimum pH range, which could be around pH 7, because the enzyme is less denatured when it reaches the preferred pH level, and after this it will decrease because the active site will change in shape and it will no longer accept substrates. The experiment showed 2400 mm/H rate of activity for potato peroxidase in PH 7 and 2220 mm/H rate of activity in PH 3 and 2040 mm/H rate of activity in PH 11. The result absolutely confirmed the hypothesis. PH7>PH3>PH11 About liver peroxidase, increasing PH cause increasing enzyme activity until it reaches optimum pH range but as liver use to live in a buffer situation the differences in activities due to changes in PH cannot be much a lot. It does not mean that it is able to work in any PH situation.
Liver also has an optimal range and does not work out of that range. In this experiment the expectation was high activity around PH 7, which is close to the PH of body, 7.5, But 882 mm/H rate of activity in PH11 was the most active situation. Also 842 mm/H in PH7 was more than 828 mm/H in PH3. Then liver peroxidase activity increased by increasing PH level and it means that Hypothesis has been failed. PH11>PH7>PH3 Regarding for the data collected by the course some of the ideas have been authorized and the others have been failed. Data stand for affirmation of base for peroxidase showed that in equally cases, spud and liver organ, H2O2 was your best substrate among drinking water and sugar and hydrogen peroxide. As well the enzyme activity of liver (9019 mm/H) was much more than enzyme process of potato (2245 mm/H). The was thus obvious in the graph.
So , the hypothesis regarding substrate accepted. The data accumulated by the course about how temperatures effect on chemical activity of spud and the chart showed that enzyme activity decreased simply by increasing the temperature. Consequently , the hypothesis is incorrect about spud enzyme. But , the data in the class reinforced the hypothesis about the liver peroxidase. The chart also showed how increasing temperature results on liver organ enzymes. The liver nutrients got even more activity in warm temperatures comparing towards the cold temperature and it was definitely inactive in hot temperature. The data accumulated by the school about how PH effect on spud peroxidase revealed that in PH7 chemical activity of the potato remains to be the highest standard of activity nevertheless the data revealed more activity in PH11 than PH3. Although this kind of part differs of what did the group join this research but the hypothesis is still the case. As graph showed, 8645 mm/H in PH11 and 7525 mm/H in PH7 and 6640 mm/H in PH3, the enzyme activity in liver organ increased the moment level of PH increased and it was likewise against with the hypothesis in this experiment the same as what do our group go. A large number of errors may have been occurred in this experiment.
The specific situation and condition were not a similar for all groupings. For example there have been no particular definition pertaining to the words inch cold, nice or hot”. Any group may measured the height with the bubbles in different temperature since cold or warm or perhaps hot. Generally there may even be errors in inserting the information in the table online. Mainly because some of the data is totally out of selection and out of suggestion. However , PH LEVEL, temperature as well as the substrate effect on digestive enzymes activity. An enzyme has special active site and special base can be placed on it. The optimal range is very important in enzyme activity. The enzyme is much less active in order to gets underneath or over a level of maximum range. In fact it is true regarding both PH LEVEL and temp.
In our actual life we come across with many scenarios that can influence on the nutrients whether inside or away of our human body. For example in the human digestive system, there are enzymes operating at basic ph level (mouth and intestine) and highly acidulent pH (stomach). If the level of acidity of the abdomen highly increases the enzymes is unable to work anymore. Or, a lot of people have some issue to process dairy as a result of enzyme deficiency. Or, if a child provides fever the enzymes of his/her human body won’t be capable to work any more and it causes throwing up.
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