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Industry best practices are usually identified by consulting companies, research organizations, government agencies, and industry associations as the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods for consistently and effectively achieving a business objective. Disruptive Technology The mySAP enterprise software is used by Nestle for its large, transnational company. (E.g. Lack of employee training, difficulties of evaluating performance, legal and regulatory compliance, work environment/ergonomics, poor or indecisive management, interrelationships between people and groups, and lack of employee support and participation.
Examples A system analysis includes a feasibility study to determine whether each proposed solution is feasible, or achievable, from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint. Cost effectiveness and Weighing Other Benefits Columns for calculating [Actual Delivery Time For Each Order And The Number Of Days The Delivery Is Late.] Actual delivery time = Arrival Date Promised Ship Date Number of Days = Actual Delivery Time Promised Transit Time If number of days late is negative, this indicates the order arrived early. Determine Which Vender has Best Delivery Track Record http://www.content.distance-education.itt tech.edu//cliksdmrroot/content_directory/mount1/544582/images/How_to_Analyze_a_Case_Study_new.pdf A case study analysis is not merely a summary.
Consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives. We refer to this broader understanding of the people and organizational dimensions of systems as well as the technical dimensions of systems as information system literacy. The field of management information systems (MIS) deals tried to achieve this broader information systems literacy. MIS deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm.
Information System INFORMATION SYSTEMS AID BUSINESS PROCESSES (Pg. 44) Businesses invest in information systems as a way to cope with and manage their internal production functions and to cope with the demands of key actors in their environments (pg. 46).
A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordinating, and control in an organization. In addition, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products. Computer literacy focuses primarily on knowledge of information technology.
This is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities in an information system. It consists of the following: computers of various sizes and shapes (including mobile handheld devices); various input, output, and storage devices; and telecommunications devices that link computers together. (Pg. 118-129) Refers to a model of computing in which firms and individuals obtain computing resources and software applications over the internet (aka cloud).
On-demand computing refers to purchasing computing services from remote providers, paying only for the amount of computing power actually used. Types of Service Customers use infrastructure and programming tools hosted by the service provider to develop their own applications. Cloud software as a service Virtualization presents a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.
A multicore processor is an integrated circuit to which two or more processors have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks. Software These tend to be less procedural. Some non-procedural languages are natural languages that enable users to communicate with the computer using conversational commands resembling human speech. The following is arranged from user-oriented to IS professional-oriented: PC software tools (General=purpose application software packages for PC like WordPerfect or Microsoft Access) Query Language (E.g.
SQL) Java: An operating system-independent, processor-independent, object-oriented programming language that has become a leading interactive programming environment for the Web. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a Web development technique for creating interactive Web applications. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): A page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page and for creating dynamic links to other Web pages and objects. Web Services Refers to a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is the foundational technology for Web services.
It is a more powerful and flexible markup language than HTML. A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application. Software Trends Software localization refers to the process of converting software to operate in a second language (instead of English, for example) Data Management Technology Data management technology consists of the software governing the organization of data on physical storage media. Data management software organizes, manages, and process business data concerned with inventory, customers, and venders. (Pg.
118) Database One-to-Many Many-To-Many This is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization’s data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users. Improve Business Performance with Databases Types of information obtainable from data mining include associations, sequences, classifications, clusters, and forecasts. Predictive analysis uses data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as the probability a customer will respond to an offer or purchase a specific product.
Text Mining and Web Mining Private intranets extended to authorized users outside the organization are called extranets. The World Wide Web is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format on the Internet. All of these technologies, along with the people required to run and manage them, represent resources that can be shared throughout the organization and constitute the firm’s information technology (IT) infrastructure. (SKIPPED CHAPTER 6 ON THIS ENTIRE SUBJECT) Captures or collects raw data from within the organization of from its external environment. (E.g.
Purchase data on products: customer name, address, credit card number, number of products, when it was purchased, etc.) Processing They filter, compress, and track critical data, displaying the data of greatest importance to senior managers. Increasingly, such systems include business intelligence analytics for analyzing trends, forecasting, and drilling down to data at greater levels of detail. Often the information is delivered to senior executives through a portal, which uses a Web interface to present integrated personalized business content. EXAMPLE: Digital Dashboard (Pg. 51) MIS primarily deals with structured decision problems.
Enterprise Systems / Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems Firms use enterprise systems to integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. See also Pg. 273 Extranets are company Web sites that are accessible to authorized vendors and suppliers, and often used to coordinate the movement of supplies to the firm’s production apparatus. (I think extranets can also be made for employees to access information off-site.) Security (E.g. Tato used Digital Manufacturing (DM) (Specifically DELMIA) to produce new car (Tato) more quickly and at lower cost.
The system is also flexible allowing other cars to be designed, evaluated and produced. pg. 39) Raise Revenue and Profits while Lowering Costs by Increasing Customer and Supplier Intimacy (continuous marketing, sales, and service; customization and personalization) Improve Decision Making for Managers and Employees Skills in information analysis and business intelligence Sensitivity to the ethical, social, and legal issues raised by systems The ability to work with technology specialists and other business professionals in designing and building systems Knowledge workers design products/services and create knowledge for the firm (e.g. Scientists, engineers, architects).
Knowledge workers can use Knowledge Work Systems as mentioned in the Business Motivations >Improve Decision Making section. Data workers ease administrative am employed at all amount firm (e. g. Secretaries or clerks). Operational Administration In an effort to decrease travel bills, many companies, both equally large and small , happen to be adopting videoconferencing and World wide web conferencing technology. An important feature of leading-edge high-end videoconferencing systems is telepresence technology, an integrated sound and visual environment that allows a person to give the presence of being present at an area other than their true physical location.
Telepresence example upon pg. 62. Cisco, HP, LifeSize, and Polycom supply these products. Skype and ooVoo are internet options. Google Apps/Google Sites One of the most widespread free online services for collaboration is usually Google Apps/Google Sites.
Google Sites permits users to quickly create online, group-editable Web sites. Yahoo Calendar: Private and distributed calendars; multiple calendars Yahoo Gmail: Google’s free online email-based service, with mobile gain access to capabilities Yahoo Talk: Instantaneous messaging, text and voice chat Google Docs: Online word processing, display, spreadsheet, and drawing software program; online editing and sharing Google Sites: Team effort sites intended for sharing files, schedules, calendars; searching papers and creating group wikis Google Video: Private hosted video writing Google Groupings: User-created groups with mailing lists, shared calendars, documents, sites, and online video; searchable archives Microsoft SharePoint Microsoft SharePoint is the most extensively adopted effort system to get small and medium-sized firms involving Microsoft machine and marketing products.
SharePoint is a browser-based collaboration and document management system, combined with a strong search engine that may be installed on corporate servers. Lotus Notes 1 . Collaboration issues as determined by the Time/Space Matrix installment payments on your In your Matrix cell positioning, what alternatives are available? several. Consider cost (including training and involving information program departments) and benefits 5. Identify reliability, vulnerability, and financial hazards Suppliers The more different suppliers a firm features, the greater control it can physical exercise over suppliers in terms of selling price, quality, and delivery agendas.
Substitute Products The more replace products and services in your industry, the less you can control prices and the reduce your profit margins. Clients Use data systems to enable new products and services, or greatly replace the customer convenience in making use of your existing products and services. From an illustration: This capacity to offer independently tailored services or products using the same production solutions as mass production is named mass modification. Focus on Market Niche Use data systems to allow a specific industry focus, and serve this narrow target audience better than competitors. Strengthen Client and Dealer Intimacy Employ information systems to tighten linkages with suppliers and develop closeness with customers.
The good linkage to customers and suppliers enhance switching cost (the cost of switching from a single product to competing product), and devotion to your firm. (This information is found in an additional version with the text book. ) Benefit Chain Style There seems to be a difference involving the wider Industry Value Chain and the Business Value Chain which falls within the Industry Value String. Support actions make the delivery of the principal activities feasible and incorporate organization facilities (administration and management), recruiting (employee enrolling, hiring, and training), technology (improving products and the production process), and purchase (purchasing input).
Business Process Management (BPM) By dealing with other firms, industry members can use technology to develop industry-wide standards for exchanging data or organization transactions digitally, which pressure all industry participants to subscribe to comparable standards. These kinds of efforts maximize efficiency, making product alternative less likely and perhaps raising entrance coststhus frustrating new entrants. Also, market members can easily build industry-wide, IT-supported consortia, symposia, and communications networks to put together activities relating to government agencies, overseas competition, and competing companies. The performance of all business units will increase insofar as these sections develop, or create, a central core of competencies.
A primary competency is usually an activity which is why a firm is known as a world-class leader. Any information program that encourages the posting of knowledge throughout business units enhances competency. Such systems may possibly encourage or enhance existing competencies and help employees see new external knowledge; this kind of systems might also help a company leverage existing competencies to related markets. Network-Based Approaches In traditional economics, production experiences legislation of diminishing returns.
A lot more any given source is used on production, the reduced the margin of gain in output. However , this is not true in network economics. The greater telephone readers means the more users can connect with other folks, and so the worth increases for anyone. Internet sites works extremely well by businesses to build neighborhoods of userslike-minded customers who wish to share all their experiences.
This builds buyer loyalty and pleasure, and creates unique jewelry to buyers. Network economics also delivers strategic rewards to commercial software suppliers. The value of their software and complementary computer software products improves as even more people utilize them, and there is a bigger installed foundation to warrant continued usage of the product and vendor support. A electronic company, often known as a electronic organization, uses networks to link persons, assets, and ideas, permitting it to ally to companies to create and distribute products and services without having to be limited by traditional organizational limitations or physical locations.
Quality New opportunities for building brands and large consumer loyalty, offering premium New strategic possibilities for success (using technology much better than others) Global/International Organization Concentrates financial managing and control out of your central residence base when decentralizing development, sales, and marketing operations to products in other countries. Case: General Motor, Chrysler, and Intel. These have no single national head office but rather have many local headquarters and possibly a world headquarters. Example: Citibank, Sony, and Nestle will be attempting this transition.
Functions Networked Those in which devices development and operations take place in an integrated and coordinated trend across most units.
