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INTRODUCTION
Majuli is one of the greatest river destinations in the world (26 45N ” 27 12N and 93 39 E ” 94 35 éminence of 60 ” 95m above msl). The original land mass of Majuli was 1250 Sq km (1950) which has significantly reduced to 650 Sq . km (2001) due to erosion. The island is definitely bounded by the river Brahmaputra on the Southern, the riv Subansiri on the North-West and Kherkatia Suti in Northeast. Geomorphologically this island then is limoneux. Large number of wetlands and rivulets constitute superb breeding floor for quite a few indigenous fishes.
Every year whether there in flood in Assam or not, the Majuli Sub- Division is always affected by floods, forcing people to take shelter in streets and higher land.
MARKET AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
As per the yr 2011 Majuli consists of a total of 248 villages which has a total inhabitants of 153400. Out of this Majuli Developmental Block consists of 91757 individuals and Ujani Majuli Development Block consists of 61643 persons. The main profession and method to obtain livelihood in the people can be agriculture and pisiculture.
Apart from these kinds of tourism, garden, sericulture, fishing boat making, cows raising and dairy farm also make up a part of all their livelihood
Majuli being a part of north east India loves a sub-tropical climate and the average rain fall is about 215cm. The summer is usually followed by monsoon and winter months during which the spot faces various natural hazards.
DISASTER RISK ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF VARIOUS DISASTERS
FLOOD HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Majuli as being a part of Assam which is surrounded by hilly areas like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tibet and Bhutan much more prone to avalanche than some other disaster. Majuli suffers superb loss alive and house as it is
hit by simply flood annually.
VULNERABILITY AND CAUSES OF OVERFLOW IN MAJULI
The causes of avalanche in Majuli are due to excessive rainfall in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, melting of snow for Tibet etc . During ton the rivers get recharged with substantial quantity of silt and in their particular movement the rivers get a new condition of movement and at some point change the riv courses triggering untold miseries to the people living in its low line basin, making the region vulnerable to twelve-monthly flooding. Following your great earthquake 1950 the river foundation of Brahmaputra is growing continuously due to disposition of sand carried down in the upstream. It has also lead to the formation of saucer molded low lying down zone inside the plain of the district. Unscientific human encroachment and negotiation in different overflow plain areas is a one other cause of water damage in Majuli. Destruction of forest cover in higher catchment parts of all waterways mainly in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland is also a leading cause of water damage in Majuli.
MITIGATION PLAN
Pre-disaster organizing consists of actions such as disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness. The best example of mitigation may be the construction of embankments and construction of proper drainage system in flood prone areas to prevent floods. Flood mitigation identifies the measures aimed at elimination and readiness. It decreases the actual or probable effects of floods on the persons and their environment. The objective of overflow mitigation is usually to control modifications in our volume of run-off, peak stage of the overflow, time of go up and duration of floodwaters, and placement of flooding. Finally this guides reconstruction so as to make sure reduction in weakness. The best example of preparedness activities are the progress community recognition and sensitization system through community education and administrative preparedness using stockpiling of supplies, expanding emergency ideas for save and relief.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
Majuli falls under earthquake zone-V and very near to the Alpine Himalayan belt. Therefore it falls in an area which is prone to earthquake. The location experiences frequent earthquakes which results in significant damage but much less as compared to flood. VULNERABILITY OF EARTHQUAKE IN MAJULI
The region is quite vulnerable to earthquake however the vulnerability towards the loss and damage of life and property is less as compared to other locations in the same zone. The reason is , the area will not comprise of extremely high rise complexes and facilities. The old monuments and heritage sites possess significant vulnerability as they were built many years backside.
MITIGATION STRATEGY:
Majuli is catagorized under earthquake zone-V thus following minimization measures must be taken to decrease the impact of earthquake: ¢Adoption of building codes for new construction in various areas. ¢Public power buildings must be located in secure areas or perhaps stiff soil. ¢Retrofitting of weak set ups.
¢Relocation of people settling in the steep incline areas and near the lake bank. The other case in point includes retrofitting of weakened buildings to create them earthquake resistant.
BOTTOM LINE
Majuli is definitely prone to several hazards besides flood and earthquake just like cyclonic tornado fire car accident etc . as well as the area as being a river area faces a higher vulnerability. And so appropriate actions should be considered for tragedy risk minimization and conserve the world traditions site via different risks it encounters. There should be a consistent planning & execution of plans pertaining to providing sustainable livelihood for the majority of vulnerable areas. The Ethnic and Nationwide uniqueness of Majuli’s heritage is currently undergoing scrutiny and consideration for declaring it because World Historical past site as cultural scenery by UNESCO.
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