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In fact , the entire damage was brought on by the tsunami itself as well as other factors like the geology and geography from the region. The damage that the tsunami caused to mainland India, a seismically quiescent location, was targeted mainly for the eastern coastline but some harm due to dispersion also took place on the southernmost tip from the western coast. A factor which played a significant role in the scale of devastation that occurred in this kind of region is definitely the bathymetry in the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is quite shallow with an average depth of 2600 meters. The self-love can be caused by the huge sum of crud that the Ganges River deposit in that. (Strand; Masek, 40)
Following the earthquake, the bay was sealed away by the deep Sunda Trench and the tsunami waves had been reflected backside towards the Indian Ocean stunning the asian Indian shoreline within two hours. Since the waves traveled over the Cocos Basin, they little by little got amplified. The long lasting geological affects were even more visible inside the Andaman and Nicobar Island destinations. The highs of a boat mountain selection constitute the Indian islands of Andaman and Nicobar. These mountain range lie over a major tectonic fault sector. In the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the earthquake in December twenty four, 2004 led to mud volcano eruptions, floor deformations, liquefaction, tilting with the islands and tectonic subsidence apart from the tremendous damage to existence and property by the tsunami. The east coasts in the islands were inundated although the coral beds within the western edges were exposed. The central regions of the Trinkat and Teressa Destinations went under water, trimming both the islands into two parts. (Strand; Masek, 40)
Since the alignment of the subduction zone earthquake was in a north-south path, the general way of the tsunami waves was towards the east and the west. It has been noticed that coastlines that have quite a few land together and the stage of source of a tsunami usually get away the tsunami’s fury. It truly is for this reason that Bangladesh, situated at the northern part of the These types of of Bengal, had not many fatalities despite the fact that it is a low-lying country and positioned relatively near to the rupture region. However , large bathymetric features and dispersion around landmasses can pass on tsunami surf. Thus, Kerala, an American indian state within the western coast and the american coast of Sri Lanka likewise suffered damages due to the tsunami. In fact , Colombo or Sri Lanka witnessed a bigger tsunami reflected from the Maldives Islands which reached the Sri Lankan coast around two . 5 hours following the first tsunami came. Once again, distance does not ensure safety since the tsunami caused even more devastation in Somalia, which can be much further away than nearby Bangladesh. (Bernard; Johnson, 43)
In Sri Lanka, coral reefs reefs were found being lightly ruined and residue was worn away from the beaches and shoreface and visited as far as 4 hundred meters inwards to be lodged in pouches and sheets with a density ranging from five centimeters to thirty-seven cms. (Richmond; Jaffe; Gelfenbaum; Morton, 247) In Maldives, the effect of the tsunami ranged from complete overwashing of the islands to inundation from the regions on the margins of the islands. Island destinations which were positioned near the far eastern reef edge standing in the path of the tsunami faced increased changes to coastal morphology. There was clearly widespread beach erosion personified by the creation of 0. 3 – 0. five meters large erosional scarps. Human activity improved the pressure of the tsunami in many areas including the Maldives. The reef areas uncovered signs of dredging of tiny rocks and fine sand which faster the shoreline erosion trouble resulting in serious damage to a lot of coastal structures. (UNEP Asian Tsunami Catastrophe Task Power, 7-8)
The tsunami ocean resulted in the deposition of gravel-sized reef debris for the eastern shorelines in the form of 10-20 centimeters profound and 10-20 meter vast sheets. In the matter of island overwashing, the western sandy seashores developed dominant scarps resulting in sediment deposition on the plus western lagoon and saltwater flat areas. The island interiors, however , exhibited the deposition of thin and scrappy sediments. It has been observed that wider reef flats result in more waste of say energy and therefore have a much more coastal safety role. This factor may possibly have resulted in the local variability observed in the impact of the tsunami. Again, fringing coral reefs usually provide protection against normal waves but in the case of tsunami dunes, the shorelines sheltered by simply such fringing reefs experienced major coast and terrestrial damage. In such locations, damage was concentrated close to the deeper programs that allow waves break closer to the shore. As a result the two fundamental benefits the fringing reefs afford to coastlines, viz. The combination of ocean access and shield which have allowed coastal creation to take place just over the substantial tide collection, have also end up being the primary factors behind their more vulnerability to tsunami damage. (UNEP Cookware Tsunami Tragedy Task Force, 8)
Thus to conclude, it may be said that the extent and scale of injury that the wonderful earthquake and the resultant megatsunami caused on 26th 12 , 2004 represents geologically crucial seismic event which has captured the attention of geologists, sociologists, scientists and political market leaders worldwide as well as some studies in numerous disciplines had been conducted based on this event. Geologically, this event isn’t only significant to be able to study and reconstruct historical tsunamis which may have had an effect on different aspects of various geological features but it is also important in order to better construct early tsunami or earthquake warning devices in the future in order to minimize the size of damage.
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